8.12.4. DEPOSITION

Jun 21, 2020 at 2:40pm
Last Edit: Jul 18, 2020 at 4:19pm by Admin

1. VOLCANIC, NOT COMETARY; COMET, DEPOSIT, DEPOSITION
2. EXOTERRESTRIAL DEPOSITION; LOESS
3. COMETARY DEBRIS
4. STREWN FIELD
5. DETRITUS

VOLCANIC, NOT COMETARY

1. THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART II: EXOTERRESTRIAL DROPS: 8.Falling Dust and Stone [Quantavolution Website]
_In the most ancient legends it is common to find references to more than comets and deluges of water. Deluges from the sky consist also of dust, ____loess, stones, glass, tar, oil, salt, gold, iron, ashes, carbohydrates -all of them sometimes hot and sometimes aflame. They are invariably tied to catastrophes. Donnelly collected some of the stories: We read in the Ute legends.. ...

2. V[VOLCANIC, NOT COMETARY] Letters [SIS C&C Workshop]
_Cometary Origin of Sediment Queried
2. V[VOLCANIC, NOT COMETARY] Letters [SIS C&C Workshop]
_Cometary Origin of Sediment Queried
_Dear Sir, Regarding the Zysman theory of cometary origin of sediment [M. Zysman: 'Sediment', Catastrophism 2000 {Toronto, 1990}, pp. 97-137, I sent him a critique and would have no objection to your publishing the following points that I made to him.
_I am in agreement with Zysman that 'Hutton's perpetual heat machine' is deficient for explaining the renewal of massive sedimentation in the geological record over time.
_A cometary origin, however, is obviated [contradicted] by the absence of fused coatings on sedimentary clasts.
_Tektites are the classic representatives of atmospheric entry. For sixty years the debate has seesawed between whether they originated by impact splash from the Moon or the Earth.
_Initial high temperature melting is overplated with re-entry melting of surficial layers on larger clasts, clearly simulating meteoritic entry to Earth's atmosphere.
_The clasts of Pleistocene till, the 'drift', do not show this. Neither do those of cyclothems of the North American mid-continent. Loess is not fused and, hence, is not cometary material.
_Current bedding, cross-bedding, interleaving with argillaceous or calcareous layers, while temporally showing changed geological regimes of local nature, also show the passage of time during which everyday riverine and marine processes worked.
_These sedimentary fabrics cannot have been originated by sudden deposition from the atmosphere.
_My explanation for the renewal of sedimentation is the recognition that energy release occurs by reactions of a chemical nature at the core/mantle depth level.
_It is not an exaggeration to say that explosives are stored there and are released from time to time by interaction of the reactive components, hydrogen and carbides (especially silicon carbide).
_This causes a rise of volatiles: methane, etc and silane, the silicon analogue of methane (SiH 4 vs. CH 4).
_The rising gaseous reaction products produce earthquakes and dilate great welts above them.
_The silane, on first contact with water (at upper mantle/basal crust level) sequesters its oxygen.
_This releases hydrogen and deposits its SiO2 as quartz or chert, plugging off its own conduit and creating explosive conditions.
_This is the set-up for volcanic explosion, which often blows out siliceous ash, the formerly deposited SiO2.
_It also transfers silicon for development of granite and may force the rise of mountains and the underplating of the mountain belt with siliceous (quartz-rich) rock to form a continental 'keel'.
_I think the loess is originally volcanic, being the explosion product after the deposition of silica from rising silanes.
_Curiously, coal can also be attributed to the hydrogen/silicon carbide reaction.
_After silane has fully reacted with water, its accompanying hydrocarbon gas along with hydrogen emitted by oxidation of silane in the absence of free oxygen, if able to rise further, will sooner or later encounter oxygen.
_If the oxygen supply is meagre it will all be taken up by the hydrogen, and free carbon in finely divided form will be released in the water produced by the oxidation of the hydrogen component.
_If peat and other terrigenous plant debris accumulations stand in the way of water flowing on the surface with entrained finely divided carbon (perhaps as small as micron-sized smoke particles) they will preferentially adhere to their plant carbon counterparts.
_Residual hydrogen or methane in the effluent water should strip away remaining oxygen from the plant material.
_In this way a bed of soft coal can be produced on the surface.
_Methane in hydrate form can be captured along with the carbon 'smoke' and survive until buried.
_This can account for the methane content of coal measures, especially for its divers levels among different localities and mines in measures that are correlated with one another geologically, which otherwise should be the same.
_This origin for coalification addresses the question of inadequacy of macerals (plant parts) in known seams where they are separated from one another and pure carbon seems to be all that fills the space between them.
_Zysman's idea of cometary origin for coal follows on Velikovsky's idea of hydrocarbons from the sky.
_Their impact into the atmosphere would oxidise unprotected hydrocarbons or carbon. Thus the idea is untenable.
_Zysman's opening exposition of the conundrum that 'persistent ancient tradition [says] that the earth was originally brought down from the sky' can be better accommodated by an explanation of volcanicity than by cometary encounter.
_C. Warren Hunt, Calgary, Canada

COMET + DEPOSIT; + DEPOSITION

3. C?[SALT; IRON] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART II: EXOTERRESTRIAL DROPS: 10.Metals, Salt and Oil [Quantavolution Website]
... sum, various legends independently agree that the salt of the oceans came with an aquatic cataclysm in a time when mankind was an intelligent witness. That salt came down upon the doomed "Cities of the Plain" at a later time as well is argued by Dwardu Cardona. Yahweh threatens his people with "sulphur and salt and burning, so that its whole land will not be sown... like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which Yahweh overthrew in his anger and in his wrath;.
... the rim of a great impact collision and was permeated by and interacted with the exploding body. Suppose all known meteoritic material in the world were assessed for its proportion of iron. Suppose then that one calculated the proportion of iron ore to the amount of drift, ____loess and homeless clay. If the two ratios were similar, the exoterrestrial thesis would be expanded to embrace the materials of both ratios. Iron in one form or another composes about 5% of the Earth's surface rocks; here is a thoroughly homogenized relationship of iron ...

13. C[GLACIAL TILL SKEPTIC] New Insights to Antiquity: A Drawing Aside of the Veil by Richard Petersen [Aeon Journal]
_Petersen then calls into question the glacial theory of till, the unstratified admixture of sand, gravel, and clay found in glacial drift, often several hundred feet thick and which is generally fossil-free. These ____>>deposits are found scattered throughout select areas in the northern hemisphere, although a few have been identified in the southern, and have been assumed to have been laid down by the movement of glaciers during Earth's ice ages. To compound the problem, the ____>>deposition of loess mixes smoothly into that of the glacial till in North America, meaning there was no stratification whatsoever between the two so-called drift forms. This loess is also found in scattered locations in Asia, Europe, as well as the Americas, and varies from deposits a few millimeters in thickness to several hundred feet, and has been thought to be wind-blown debris. But, it is composed of very fine particles with an anomalously narrow distribution-- 0.01-0.05 mm-- a restrictive screen-sizing that no known vagary of the wind is capable of. Furthermore, loess is extremely porous, being permeated with myriads of vertically oriented capillaries as if innumerable tiny bubbles had percolated up through the beds. Petersen considers these capillaries to be due to electric discharges, but gives no further explanation of the phenomenon. As if this weren't enough, the loess deposit near Council Bluffs, Iowa, is rife with tiny snail shells that are unfossilized, and as fresh and undegraded as if deposited very recently. In fact, Petersen concludes that these deposits cannot be extremely old, despite radiocarbon dating of the carbonate-based snail shells that show no residual C14 at all. Radiocarbon analysis is limited to a maximum of some 47,000 years. However, the bizarre conditions Petersen has developed in his scenario preclude radio-dating of geologic formations with any hope of success. Moreover, he states that decay rates are not affected by conditions achieved in any laboratory, but then he apparently wasn't aware of the decades-old work of Spangler and Anderson, who found that the Poisson distribution in the decay rate of radiocarbon could be modified by a 90 volt charge across a thin carbon layer. [7

31. C[GOLD] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART II: EXOTERRESTRIAL DROPS: 10.Metals, Salt and Oil [Quantavolution Website]
_ ... . 2, 1966 a map of the world's most productive gold field below Johannesburg, which shows a large primary "bulls-eye-formation" rimmed by gold-bearing formations and a much larger 200-mile-diameter, secondary, cratered, rim-like area, also bearing gold, and asks "Did a ____comet create a South African gold field?" Unless the gold was alchemized on the spot, it might have been part of the meteoroid that crashed. Most metals, in conclusion, may originate exoterrestrially. If an alternative must be found, it may be suggested

38. C[LATERITE] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART II: EXOTERRESTRIAL DROPS: 8.Falling Dust and Stone [Quantavolution Website]
_ ... theory, is to create people from the same material, especially if its origin is celestial. To conclude our reasoning, the myth and the magical reasoning press a hypothesis upon the geologist. The origin of loess may be in an immense fall-out of dust from a ____comet or an explosion of Earth material into the highest atmosphere whence most of it fell back to form loess and clay covering many hills and valleys to this day. Since humans seem to recall such an event, the time might not be far off. Donald Cyr
_ ... loess? A few months later in Mato Grosso, Goosen's remark led me to look more closely at laterites profiles. I noticed an inch-thick layer of hard laterite between two layers of unconsolidated gravel; its undersurface was smooth: it had obviously been formed prior to the ____>>deposition of the top gravel. I traced the layer for several kilometers, and later found it in places tens and even hundreds of kilometers away, on different deomorphological levels. The only possible explanation for these observations seemed aeolic precipitation on a barren, moist surface [

41. C[OIL & TILL] Monitor [SIS C&C Workshop]
_Tunguska ____Comet? source: Soviet Weekly 1.1.83 There is further evidence that the body that fell to Earth at Tunguska in Siberia in 1908 was of extra-terrestrial origin, and was probably a ____comet or meteorite. It comes from a recent isotopic analysis of the peat formed in the
_ ... From: SIS Workshop Vol 5 No 2 (Apr 1983) Home¦ Issue Contents Monitor
_Glaciation and Oil ____>>Deposition source: Science& Technology newsletter 54 (1982), p. 2
_In the Huqf Desert of Oman there has been a recent spectacular discovery which provides geologists with a convincing link between the complex oil reservoirs of the region and the effects of glaciation. Outcrops have been found in the Desert which date from the Early Permian period and contain tillites. Now tillites are thought to be produced by the action of ice

55. C[MYTH] The Case for Catastrophe in Historical Times [Kronos]
_ ... metals are found in the geological strata associated with presumed impacts of meteorites or ____comets. Readily explained in terms of this hypothesis also are the two general points raised at the beginning of the Discussion section. If Enheduanna witnessed the encounter between Earth and a large meteor or ____comet, we have a potent stimulus for her vivid recording. Although she was the high priestess of the moon god, Nanna, we should not be surprised if she changed her allegiance to the more "active" astral body, Inanna: nor should we be
_ ... structure of the whole composition. We may see this parallelism at work in line 9, for instance, e.g., as given by Hallo and van Dijk: 9. Like a dragon you have ____>>deposited venom on the land. It can readily be appreciated that ____>>deposition of "venom" is quite in harmony with the activities of a "dragon". Thus also Kramer's translation: 9. You have filled the land with venom, like a dragon. Compare these two with the strikingly different version given by Kinnier Wilson:

51. F[OCEAN IMPACT; DRUMLINS] The Flood [The Velikovskian]
_ ... . The evidence speaks eloquently for a massive inflow of water carrying sediment into the Arctic Ocean and shows that this sediment could only have been produced by an oceanic tidal wave. This evidence also contradicts the impact concept as the cause of such a flood. If a ____comet or an asteroid fell into the Atlantic, Pacific or Indian oceans, it would remove much of the impacted ocean sediment load, causing the sediment to overflow into the surrounding ocean basins. An impact in the Atlantic Ocean would have created a tidal wave that would
_ ... . Drumlin fields of this sort occur elsewhere. My observations in northern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia led me to consider the drumlins I observed on air photographs as fluvial features because of the regularity in orientation, spacing and length --the same characteristics attributed by Shaw to flood ____>>deposition._ ... Curiously, Shaw does not contemplate (in print, at any rate) where the water could have originated, apparently assuming it to be sub-glacial meltwater. But how could such melting take place without a heat source such as volcanic heat,

C[LOESS] New Insights to Antiquity: A Drawing Aside of the Veil by Richard Petersen [Aeon Journal]
... (Engwald, Phoenix, 1998) Reviewed by Frederic Jueneman There have been hundreds-- if not thousands-- of titles dealing with catastrophic scenarios, a good many in recent years, with a concomitant flurry of additional exciting books and papers following the Shoemaker-Levy 9 ____comet impact on Jupiter in July of 1994. Concern about ____comets-- and even worry-- was an ancient pastime for writers and philosophers of old, but perhaps one might note that the more modern era of speculators on such things began with William Whiston at
... porous, being permeated with myriads of vertically oriented capillaries as if innumerable tiny bubbles had percolated up through the beds. Petersen considers these capillaries to be due to electric discharges, but gives no further explanation of the phenomenon. As if this weren't enough, the loess ____>>deposit near Council Bluffs, Iowa, is rife with tiny snail shells that are unfossilized, and as fresh and undegraded as if ____>>deposited very recently. In fact, Petersen concludes that these ____>>deposits cannot be extremely old, despite radiocarbon dating of the carbonate-based snail shells that

C[MANNA] CHAOS AND CREATION: CHAPTER 02: HIGH ENERGY FROM SPACE [Quantavolution Website]
... . Venus also intruded upon the Earth's sphere, then and before then, at least several times, on a half-century cycle. Velikovsky (1950) depicted these latter events. Figure 3. FEAR OF COMETS AND THE CONQUEST OF 1066. The Bayeaux Tapestry on the ____Comet of 1066. On the eve of The Battle of Hasting, a ____comet lit up the sky. The crowds gaze up in awe at the ____comet, and a courtier tells King Harold of this terrible omen. Below are seen the ghostly invasion ships which Harold
... A reduction to zero-visibility at night and near-zero visibility in daytime has most formidable psychological and physical consequences [21. The Jews in Exodus wandered in darkness or gloom for many years. Their survival was only through the fall-out of manna, a sweet tasting starch, whose ____>>deposit from the skies is reported from Greece, India, Scandinavia, and Mexico -- from all around the world, it appears [22. Styx itself was the gloomy hell of the Greeks, whence stygian darkness. Götterdammerung was the twilight of the gods of

C[GOLD] John Holbrook [Velikovsky Archive Website]
... debris which had been ejected by Saturn throughout the solar system; and during the following millennia its mass continued to increase. In the third millennium B.C., another cosmic event occurred, the exact nature of which is also unknown. Mercury, commencing either as a ____comet or as a satellite of Jupiter, was whisked by the latter swiftly past the earth and into its present orbit about the sun. During its near encounter with the earth, an electrical discharge occurred between the two celestial bodies which caused amnesia among whole portions of
... Genesis, the birth of the Dead Sea and the Great African Rift (or its greater expansion). Although the exact nature of the event is unclear, it seems to have included an electrical discharge between Jupiter and the earth and to have been accompanied by the ____>>deposit upon the latter of gold-bearing gravel and brimstone (sulfur possibly resulting from the fusion of two oxygen agoms in the presence of the electrical discharge). The era which followed this cosmic event was that of the Middle Bronze Ages I and II (the time of the

C[CRUST FORMATION] Poster Presentations Abstracts [SIS Internet Digest]
B.C., 200 A.D., 1000 A.D. and 1600 A.D. Harmonic analysis points at a periodicity of 570 years or 1140 years. Like in the playa ____>>deposits glassy spherules were found, having the same basic composition as the Tunisian material. In conclusion, both playa and alluvial fan ____>>deposits in Tunisia, and peat in Sweden points at a very turbulent Holocene with several sudden and dramatic climate event; with unknown origin and extent The cultural traces indicate periods of extremely cold and humid conditions. The spherules found could be of volcanic origin but they are not associated with any known major volcanism, and their heterogeneous composition points at other formation mechanisms e.g. ____cometary impacts in ocean shelf sediments.
_Interest in abstracts at SIS Web site Milton Zysman and Frank Wallace, Toronto
_Tails of A Recent ____Comet: The Role ____Cometary Jets Play In Crustal Formation
_Drain away the Earth's oceans and a global pattern of continental and undersea mountain ridges appears. Adjacent to these ridge systems, are layers of silt and clay so thick that they fill the gaps between the ridges, creating extensive plateaus. Ranging across the Earth's higher latitudes are thousands of tiny replicas of these ridges called eskers and drumlins. These swarms run up hills and across streams in roughly parallel discontinuous strands for hundreds of kilometres. Preserved by encapsulation in the ice and snow of our last ice age, eskers, drumlins and their related structures will be the major focus of this paper. We contend that the greater and lesser ridge systems alike, including the water and sediment that fill them, are ____cometary debris. These ridges, which lie directly upon older ridges, are free of fossils, show no signs of organisation by hydraulic processes and the cements necessary for their conversion to rock could not be provided from earthly sources. These ridges can be traced to a stream of "jets" of disintegrating materials emanating from shifting surfaces on a ____comet's nucleus. A band of these jets, captured in planetary orbit, will ____>>deposit its debris in a manner perpendicular to the Earth's surface - a unique configuration that is consistent with the manner in which ____comets discharge in the plane of their orbit. The Cjet will land in two distinct phases. Jet particles able to resist planetary atmosphere (sand, gravel and boulders), will compact and concretize into their classic ridge pattern. The water and lighter materials, diverted by winds and post- ____>>depositional mobilisation, will flow and become inter-ridge basins. We contend that the establishment of the ridge complexes found on Earth are therefore consistent with the earth's encounter with ____cometary tails, sections of which get captured in the Earth's orbit before descending in swarms.
_Richard L. Meehan, Stanford University Testimony of the Oaks: Evidence of Climatic and Geomorphic Changes in Lower River Valleys

C[IRIDIUM] Global Fire At The K-t Boundary [Science Frontiers Website]
... 1988 Issue Contents Other pages Home Page Science Frontiers Online All Issues This Issue Sourcebook Project Sourcebook Subjects Global fire at the k-t boundary The worldwide ____>>deposit of iridium at the K-T (Cretaceous-Tertiary) boundary has been considered very strong evidence that a large astronomical object (asteroid or ____comet) devastated our planet some 65 million years ago. Some scientists, however, propose that the iridium layer was instead ____>>deposited through widespread volcanic activity. The proponents of an astronomical mechanism should be heartened by a recent paper in Nature, by W.S. Wolbach et
... Science Frontiers ONLINE No. 60: Nov-Dec 1988 Issue Contents Other pages Home Page Science Frontiers Online All Issues This Issue Sourcebook Project Sourcebook Subjects
_Global fire at the k-t boundary
_The worldwide ____>>deposit of iridium at the K-T (Cretaceous-Tertiary) boundary has been considered very strong evidence that a large astronomical object (asteroid or ____comet) devastated our planet some 65 million years ago. Some scientists, however, propose that the iridium layer was instead ____>>deposited through widespread volcanic activity. The proponents of an astronomical mechanism should be heartened by a recent paper in Nature, by W.S. Wolbach et al. Here is their Abstract: "Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary clays from five sites in Europe and New Zealand are 10^2-10^4-fold enriched in elemental C (mainly soot), which is isotopically uniform and apparently comes from a single global fire. The soot layer coincides with the Ir layer, suggesting that the fire was triggered by meteorite impact and began before the ejecta had settled." The composition of the hydrocarbons in the sediments points to the earth's biomass (mainly surface vegetation) as the source of the soot. The total quantity of K-T soot is equivalent to that which would be produced by burning 10% of all present terrestrial plant material. (Wolbach, Wendy S., et al; "Global Fire at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary," Nature, 334:665, 1988.)
_Comment. Unmentioned in the above article is the possibility that extensive wildfires might have been generated by volcanic eruptions, perhaps accompanied by great electrical storms. The 1988 fires in Yellowstone needed no meteoric impact. Reference. Chemical anomalies in the earth's crust are cataloged in ESC1 in Anomalies in Geology. To order this catalog volume, visit: here. Concentration "spikes" of iridium, elemental carbon and soot at the KT boundary, Woodside Creek, New Zealand. (Adapated from Nature, 334:665, 1988). From Science Frontiers #60, NOV-DEC 1988.© 1988-2000 William R. Corliss

C[MIXTURE] GODS FIRE: [Quantavolution Website]
... , St. Elmo's fire under certain propitious conditions, even now, will stream like horns from the ears of a subject and from any tool he is carrying. The horns of animals stream fire, too, in such circumstances. And always in mind is the ____comet with its horns reaching far out from its head. Close the horns and there arises a halo, given to Moses and to saints. The later saints got their radiant 'halos' by traditional inference; for them it is a medal, like millions of Christians
... with large ____comets, their components are subject to debate. It has lately become permissible in scientific circles to attribute many kinds of materials to them - elemental and molecular gases, particles, ice and rocks. Should a large ____comet-tail pass through the atmosphere, it would ____>>deposit its own materials, and combine its materials with those of the earth, not only with normal atmospheric components but also with the discharges peculiar to volcanoes and typhoons or tornadoes. In the major catastrophic columns or typhoons of a ____comet-earth encounter, therefore, would be discovered a variety of chemicals under turbulent conditions of pressure, heat, and electricity. Picture a vast gaseous and heavy meteoritic fall-out mingling with the eruptions of volcanoes and electrical discharges by the many thousands, and one has the beginnings of a conception of the event. In such a maelstrom, miracles would be multitudinous. We are dealing with a vast electro-chemical factory. The first response of a catastrophized human group is to relate itself to the turbulent skies. Moses was exceedingly busy - up and down the mountain - trying to reproduce on earth what he saw in heaven. Hence what we expect is that certain "miracles" happen naturally and others, much simpler and crude, but nevertheless amazing, happen as the artifices of man. Reciting the Biblical references, we can derive radiation and radiance of various types: a complex chemically-loaded dew; red phosphorus; hydrocarbons; unidentified poisons; sulfur; mercury; ammonia; cinnabar (cinnamon); formaldehyde; manna; and perfumes

C[FIRE] QUANTAVOLUTION: COSMIC HERETICS: Part 3: Chapter 9: NEW FASHIONS IN CATASTROPHISM [Quantavolution Website]
... Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Contemporary accounts mention "ashes piled nearly an inch deep in the streets." I have been in several forest fire where newspaper accounts played up "ashes falling like rain." In every instance with which I am personally familiar, the resulting ____>>deposit could be measured in millimeters. Cities, of course, have much heavier fuel loadings than do forest. But again, ash residue from the burning of a city is measured in inches, rather than feet. The accounts from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire are good evidence on this point. In firestorms, forest or city, there are no ashes left. Firestorm winds scour the burned area clean. Although it is completely out of my field, I would theorize that the only possible way in which a ____>>deposit of wood ash many feet thick could be produced in a single event would be to mechanically reduce the wood to rubble (earthquake), cover it with an inert material at high temperature so that the combustion could not occur (volcanic ash fall)

CV[DUST; ASH] The Ocean [Kronos]
... red dust, a 'small dust,' like 'ashes of the furnace,' fell 'in all the land of Egypt' (Exodus 9:8), and then a shower of meteorites flew toward the earth. Our planet entered deeper into the tail of the ____comet. The dust was a forerunner of the gravel" (Worlds in Collision, p. 51). The ash must be still found on the bottom of the ocean, its final repository. The Earth was "in a vise" -- in the
... least, preferred to a huge and simultaneous eruption of a multitude of volcanoes, because of the evenness of the layer of white ash. Its position, very close to the surface, almost touching the water layer, makes it appear that the time elapsed since the ____>>deposit is very short, geologically speaking.* [* See also E. Anders and D. N. Limber, "Origin of the Worzel Deep-sea Ash" in Nature 184 (1959), pp. 44-45.But only five or six years earlier,

C[OIL] Venus -- A Youthful Planet [Kronos]
... was Sitlae choloha, which the Spaniards call Venus. Now, I ask, what optical illusion could give Venus the appearance of a star throwing out smoke?" Bernardin de Sahagun, the main sixteenth century Spanish authority on Mexico, wrote that the Mexicans called a ____comet "a star that smoked." (7) In Europe, too, "the ignorant mass of people consider Venus as a ____comet." wrote Horatio Grassi in 1619 (8) In the Talmud, in the Tractate Shabbat, it is said:
... only sustenance in the years of gloom of the Scandinavian people). If Venus poured bituminous stuff on Earth, we would do right to make the following three conclusions which I also offered in W. in C.: (a) At least some of the ____>>deposit of oil must date back to only thousands of years, not millions as it was generally assumed in 1950 (26) (p. 54 ff.); (b) Some of the meteorites must have hydrocarbons on them (p. 55);

C[CRUST; LOESS] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART III: HYDROLOGY: 14.Floods and Tides [Quantavolution Website]
... tsunamis and the tides of an Earth that is losing its balance by some external intervention. On several occasions, the Earth has had not only its waters diverted up and around, but also its very crust, this too constituting a tidal movement of land. A ____comet with a nucleus as large as the Earth would from 50,000 miles' distance pull up ocean waters to a height of several miles at its focus. An exact calculation requires many assumptions; approximations of such encounters have been figured by persons as eminent as
... strong winds to transport it. Wherever it came from should contain the "mother lode"; where is it? This deep frosting was laid down by exoterrestrial sources, a ____cometary train, some would say. Others may claim that the loess or silt is a ____>>deposit from the inutterably greater thrust and fold phase of the ice cap avalanche and crustal movement, with contributions of ashes from biospheric and volcanic fire. By the time the scablands were etched upon the surface, the fires had been banked and the Earth was settling down

C[LOESS; DUST; OCEAN DEPOSIT] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART II: EXOTERRESTRIAL DROPS: 8.Falling Dust and Stone [Quantavolution Website]
... theory, is to create people from the same material, especially if its origin is celestial. To conclude our reasoning, the myth and the magical reasoning press a hypothesis upon the geologist. The origin of loess may be in an immense fall-out of dust from a ____comet or an explosion of Earth material into the highest atmosphere whence most of it fell back to form loess and clay covering many hills and valleys to this day. Since humans seem to recall such an event, the time might not be far off. Donald Cyr
... world in enormous fields. They are found in the waters and soils of Central Europe, West Africa, Australia, Indochina, Thailand, the East Indies, the Philippines, Japan, China, and the Caribbean [18. Heezen and Hollister estimated an Indian Ocean ____>>deposit of a billion tons that they think occurred upon a reversal of the Earth's magnetic field 700,000 years ago. Billy Glass and R. N. Baker of the University of Delaware, with D. Storzer and G. A. Wagner of the Max

C[TILL; CLAY; CARBONATE] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART V: RIFTS, RAFTS AND BASINS: 25.Sediments [Quantavolution Website]
... Quantavolution.Org E-MAIL: contact@quantavolution.org TABLE OF CONTENTS THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: Part V: Rifts, Rafts and Basins by Alfred de Grazia
_CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
_SEDIMENTS
_We have entertained the possibility that till might have originated from the tail of a ____comet or cyclonically (tempestites). Using the typical approach of an intruder with an unwelcome hypothesis, I introduced statements of anomaly and bafflement. Thus, where is the till of the seas? Why is the correlation between till fields and glaciated areas not strong? If tektites can be exoterrestrial
... ." [14 As there are more gaps than record, it is also true that there are more rapid ____>>deposits than slow ones, and the two facts may be connected in quantavolution. Rapid rates are easy to discover; Vita-Finzi cites a mid-Atlantic rate of clay ____>>deposit that increased suddenly from 0.22 to 0.82 grams/ centimeter 2 /year about 11,000 years ago (conventional dating), along with a drop in total carbonate ____>>deposition from 2.80 to 1.34 g/ cm 2 /y [15. Nearly a 400%

C[IRON; NEFT] Affidavit & Research Summary 23-Nov-1942 [Velikovsky Archive Website]
_Iron previously neared to the core of the Earth, appeared in upper layers. Neft poured from sky and built the present ____>>deposit. Meteorites fell in abundance. Harras in desert of Arabia are meteorites fields. Lava streamed on the surface of the Earth not only from volcanoes, but also from clefts. Continents and seas changed places. Rivers disappeared, others appeared, still others inversed their

C[BURN; TIAWANACO; ASH] THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: ATMOSPHERICS: 7.Fire and Ash [Quantavolution Website]
... and the flood of Deucalion. So fire and flood occurred together. Reasoning from effect to cause, Carli then assigns the coal ____>>deposits of the world to burning and water acting in quick succession, a theory now coming into prominence again. He argues that only a ____comet could burn up the world, drop vast amounts of water, and bring great tides at the same time. Probably this line of argument will stand up: a large body encountering Earth, even if it were not dropping water or ice, would bring both
... , which contains living species of oceanic type. Tiahuanacu stands on strange ground. The climate is dry, the foliage is scanty, the weather is cold, the neighboring people wretchedly poor and few in number. The top soil of the plateau is a two-foot dry ____>>deposit, now soft stone. Below it stands the lignite of charred tropical plants. Next come a layer of ash ____>>deposited amidst rainfall, and then appears an alluvial ____>>deposit. All can be considered short- term ____>>deposits of the lowlands. Combustion obviously played a large



V[WORZEL ASH] How Stable Is the Solar System? [Pensee]
_In 1959 Ewing and Worzel of Columbia University found a layer of white ash evenly distributed on the bottom of the oceans and ascribed its ____>>deposition to a "fiery end of bodies of cosmic origin." This "____cometary collision," they wrote, "could hardly be without some recorded consequences of global extent." (17) In 1965 Urey suggested that a collision of the Earth and an

The Worzel Deep Sea Ash
www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2008/arch08/080128deepseaash.htm

50. V[RED; CORE/MANTLE] Letters [SIS C&C Workshop]
_ ... Hiawatha himself is early portrayed as a god figure with many of the attributes of Christ, perhaps an Osiris character, who battles with his own father and later is associated with the first cultivation of corn and the invention of writing. I was intrigued to find the ____comet called Ishkoodah, with 'fiery tresses', and the Master of Life causing the forests to burst into flame and creating a column of smoke to touch the sky. A new variation on the rivers of blood theme are waters red with washed-off war paint. The
_ ... not ____cometary material. Current bedding, cross-bedding, interleaving with argillaceous or calcareous layers, while temporally showing changed geological regimes of local nature, also show the passage of time during which everyday riverine and marine processes worked. These sedimentary fabrics cannot have been originated by sudden ____>>deposition from the atmosphere. My explanation for the renewal of sedimentation is the recognition that energy release occurs by reactions of a chemical nature at the core/mantle depth level. It is not an exaggeration to say that explosives are stored there and are released from time

61. V[VOLCANIC IRIDIUM] The Cautious Revolutionary [SIS C&C Review]
_ ... just 9% of British palaeontologists [31. It may be that in time most of the specific suggestions of Alvarez and his colleagues will turn out to be wrong: the Cretaceous missile, even if it existed, might not have been an asteroid, but a ____comet or a series of ____comets; it might have hit water, not land, or might have exploded before impact; and the iridium at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer might have come from the Earth's core rather than space. Even if that were so, their paper
_ ... evidence has now been produced to support the view that there was a major impact at the end of the Cretaceous Period [23. On the other hand, the geologists Charles Officer and Charles Drake of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, consider that the characteristics of iridium ____>>deposition at the various sites are sufficiently variable as to indicate a volcanic origin rather than a fall-out of dust produced from an extraterrestrial missile. Also, studies of stratigraphic layers near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary with special regard to normal or reversed polarity suggest that not all the extinctions

V[TEPHRA] 2nd SIS Cambridge Conference Abstracts [SIS Internet Digest]
... . Evidence for impacts in the astronomically recent past and of historical variations in the NEO population will be briefly discussed. 9:45 Bill Napier, Armagh Observatory ____Cometary Catastrophes, Cosmic Dust and Ecological Disasters in Historical Times: The Astronomical Framework Available data from fireball and ____comet observations, meteorite impacts, small lunar craters and the current near-Earth environment are assembled to yield a coherent picture of the interface between the Earth and its current interplanetary environment. The Taurid Complex of meteors, meteoroids, asteroids and ____Comet Encke has probably been a significant
... porous aggregates that suggests disintegration of the mud-brick construction by an air blast. In the virgin soil, the burnt horizon contains black soot and graphite, and appears to have been instantaneously fossilised by a rapid and uncommon colluvial wash. Occurrence in a previously recorded thick tephra ____>>deposit of particles identical to some of the mysterious layer and resemblance of its original pseudo-sand fabric with the exploded one of the mysterious layer confirms that the later is contemporaneous with the tephra ____>>deposit It has been however impossible to find typical tephra shards in sites located at a ...

V[TEPHRA] Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilisations [Aeon Journal]
... . Of course, no-one has ever seen the Oort Cloud, but, say the experts, it must be there to explain the behavior of ____comets. Collision and fragmentation among such bodies does however go on. Based on current observations, astronomers have retrocalculated that Encke's ____Comet goes back 500,000 years. According to their calculations, there ought to be 3000 Halley-type ____comets somewhere out there, but there seem to be only 20. ____Cometary Catastrophes, Cosmic Dust and Ecological Disasters in Historical Times Bill Napier (Armagh Observatory) There
... the prime revelation of the entire conference. The pictures she showed, and the conclusions she drew, were stunning. Essentially, Courty reported that, in several excavation sites on which she had worked, such as Tell Leilan in North-East Syria, a "volcanic" ____>>deposit of tephra up to 2 meters thick was found. There is no suitable candidate for having ____>>deposited such a "volcanic" layer, neither at any of the individual sites nor, more importantly, over such a vast distance (she spoke of such ____>>deposits having

V[VOLCANIC] Monitor [SIS C&C Review]
_Another enormous volcanic eruption around 25 Myrs ago scattered ash over the Antarctic area. Much of the sand on Australia's eastern beaches appears to originate from Antarctica. It comes from a sandstone ____>>deposit formed 280 Myrs ago when Australia and Antarctica were joined in the super continent Gondwanaland.

?[OIL] Monitor [SIS C&C Workshop]
... From: SIS Chronology and Catastrophism Workshop 1988 No 2 (Jan 1989) Home¦ Issue Contents Monitor Catastrophic faunal assemblage source: Nature 331, (1988), p. 661
_An oil shale ____>>deposit from the middle Eocene in West Germany contains specimens which are unusually well preserved with the soft parts often intact. The ____>>deposit, described as a 'forest community', contains more than 50 complete bats with residual stomach contents of insects, permitting a reconstruction of their diets, and a group of very early horse-like animals, including

43. X[ICE CAPS LACK DUST] Could an Explosive Volcanic Eruption be Produced by the Nearby Passage of a Cosmic Body? [SIS C&C Review]
_ ... equally well recorded eruptions of high-latitude volcanoes. Such meteorological vagaries are probably the most difficult of all problems besetting the gathering and interpretation of evidence from ice cores of past (and present) eruptions. In a subsequent article, it is proposed to discuss the methods of ____>>deposition of dust on the polar ice caps and the apparent absence of the dust layers which would support Velikovsky's theories. Path of Moon's Shadow during an Eclipse (D. Salkeld, after National Geographic magazine) penumbra. path of umbra. Conclusions Explosive eruptions are driven


45. F[SILT] The Rise of Blood Sacrifice [Aeon Journal]
_ ... many short-period ____comets relative to the rate at which long-period ____comets are captured by Jupiter and fed into the observed stock of Apollo asteroids. The present number is probably due to a burst of new short-period ____comets formed several thousand years ago as a result of a single large ____comet fragmenting during Jovian capture or perihelion passage. Several myths of the world are interpreted as allegorical descriptions of the break-up of a large ____comet in an Earth-intersecting orbit. Some fragments struck the Earth during the second and third millennia BC. A number of biblical episodes,
_ ... water of the Shatt el Arab, around which the flood yielding sites are located, is practically silt-free, (54) the riverine theory could no longer be upheld. Even if there had been silt, the velocity of a riverine flood "would incidentally inhibit the ____>>deposition of silt." (55) "The great recorded depth of the ____>>deposits at Ur, over 3 m, and at Shurrupak, probably about 60 cm, are significant as they would require lagoon-like conditions for a fairly long time." (56)

F[TSUNAMI] An Arkansas Tsunami ____>>Deposit? [Science Frontiers Website]
... , so suspicion points toward the Gulf of Mexico. Geologist G. Patterson, University of Memphis, thinks that the huge chunks of sandstone came from coastal Louisiana and were carried some 650 kilometers (400 miles) inland by the giant tsunami raised by the asteroid or ____comet that smashed into the Yucatan to close out the Cretaceous. That, of course, was when the dinosaurs were forced into oblivion. But could the tsunami really have transported such huge rocks 650 kilometers? (Falk, Dan; "Washed Up," New
... Science Frontiers ONLINE No. 121: Jan-Feb 1999 Issue Contents Other pages Home Page Science Frontiers Online All Issues This Issue Sourcebook Project Sourcebook Subjects An Arkansas Tsunami ____>>Deposit? Yes, Arkansas is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean. Could a tsunami ever reach Little Rock, or even 120 kilometers northeast of Little Rock where, atop a 76-meter (250-foot) hill are perched giant blocks of sandstone. These blocks range up to 7.6 meters (25 feet) in size and weigh many tons. No native rocks in the area match

F[TIDAL WAVE; MUCK] The Flood [The Velikovskian]
... . The evidence speaks eloquently for a massive inflow of water carrying sediment into the Arctic Ocean and shows that this sediment could only have been produced by an oceanic tidal wave. This evidence also contradicts the impact concept as the cause of such a flood. If a ____comet or an asteroid fell into the Atlantic, Pacific or Indian oceans, it would remove much of the impacted ocean sediment load, causing the sediment to overflow into the surrounding ocean basins. An impact in the Atlantic Ocean would have created a tidal wave that would
... a ring in, near and around the polar regions as a heavy silt or mulch, containing material such as trees or animals that were swept off the continents. The flowback material would have contained mostly the lightest silts, which would form a second ring-like or annulus-like ____>>deposit containing additional animals and trees. Forests would be swept away and buried. The water would then flow into and down river valleys, leaving masses of this secondary silt in its wake. In regions where mountain ranges obstructed the return flow of water, the secondary

F[TSUNAMI] Nemesis for Evolutionary Gradualism? [SIS C&C Review]
26. J. Bourgeois, T. A. Hansen, P. L. Wiberg and E. G. Kauffman: 'A tsunami ____>>deposit at the C-T boundary in Texas', Science 241 (1988), pp. 567-570.
27. B. F. Bohor, P. J. Modreski and E. E. Foord: 'Shocked quartz in the C-T boundary clays- evidence for a

F[FLOOD] The Rise of Blood Sacrifice [Aeon Journal]
... recorded depth of the ____>>deposits at Ur, over 3 m, and at Shurrupak, probably about 60 cm, are significant as they would require lagoon-like conditions for a fairly long time." (56) Therefore, an aeolian (wind blown) origin of the ____>>deposit was considered. The absence of lamellation seemed to point in that direction. Yet, there was "a complete absence of any larger rounded particles which usually occur in aeolian ____>>deposits." (57) In addition, it was found that the flood ____>>deposits differed

F[SILT] Society News [SIS C&C Workshop]
_Bob Porter pointed out that Akkadian+ Ur III traded with Harappa. Tony Chavasse said that Easter Island and Harappan writing are identical. Why if there were so many floods is this one the Flood? Jesse Lasken replied that this is significant because of the 70ft silt ____>>deposit over the Indus valley, an area larger than Egypt.4.